Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 60</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0317; FRL-8510-01-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AV16</RIN> <SUBJECT>Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing multiple actions to reduce air pollution emissions from the Crude Oil and Natural Gas source category. First, the EPA is finalizing revisions to the new source performance standards (NSPS) regulating greenhouse gases (GHGs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions for the Crude Oil and Natural Gas source category pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA). Second, the EPA is finalizing emission guidelines (EG) under the CAA for states to follow in developing, submitting, and implementing state plans to establish performance standards to limit GHG emissions from existing sources (designated facilities) in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas source category. Third, the EPA is finalizing several related actions stemming from the joint resolution of Congress, adopted on June 30, 2021, under the Congressional Review Act (CRA), disapproving the EPA's final rule titled, “Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review,” September 14, 2020 (“2020 Policy Rule”). Fourth, the EPA is finalizing a protocol under the general provisions for optical gas imaging (OGI). </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective on May 7, 2024. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rules is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of May 7, 2024. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The EPA has established a docket for this rulemaking under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0317. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/.</E> <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> Ms. Amy Hambrick, Sector Policies and Programs Division (E143-05), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-0964; email address: <E T="03">hambrick.amy@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> Throughout this document the use of “we,” “us,” or “our” is intended to refer to the EPA. We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AMEL alternative means of emission limitation</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ANSI American National Standards Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">API American Petroleum Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ASTM ASTM, International</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AVO audible, visual, and olfactory</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AWP alternative work practice</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">bbl barrels of crude oil</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BLM Bureau of Land Management</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">boe barrels of oil equivalents</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BSER best system of emission reduction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Btu/scf British thermal units per standard cubic foot</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">°C degrees Celsius</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CBI Confidential Business Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CCR Code of Colorado Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CDX EPA's Central Data Exchange</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CO carbon monoxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CO <E T="52">2</E>  carbon dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CO <E T="52">2</E>  Eq. carbon dioxide equivalent </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">COS carbonyl sulfide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CRA Congressional Review Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CS <E T="52">2</E>  carbon disulfide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CVS closed vent systems</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">D.C. Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DOE Department of Energy</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EAV equivalent annual value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EDF Environmental Defense Fund</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EG emission guidelines</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EJ environmental justice</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">E.O. Executive Order</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ESD emergency shutdown devices</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">°F degrees Fahrenheit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FEAST Fugitive Emissions Abatement Simulation Toolkit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FrEDI EPA's Framework for Evaluating Damages and Impacts model</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FRFA final regulatory flexibility analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">g/hr grams per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GHG greenhouse gas</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GHGI Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GOR gas-to-oil ratio</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> H <E T="52">2</E> S hydrogen sulfide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutant(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR information collection request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">IRFA initial regulatory flexibility analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">IWG Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">kg kilograms</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">kg/hr kilograms per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">kt kilotons</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/yr pounds per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">low-E low emission</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LDAR leak detection and repair</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LPE legally and practicably enforceable</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Mcf thousand cubic feet</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MW megawatt</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAAQS national ambient air quality standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAICS North American Industry Classification System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NDE no detectable emissions</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NIE no identifiable emissions</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NGO non-governmental organization</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NHV net heating value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NO <E T="52">X</E>  nitrogen oxides </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSPS new source performance standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> O <E T="52">2</E>  oxygen </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OGI optical gas imaging</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OMB Office of Management and Budget</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> PM <E T="52">2.5</E>  particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppb parts per billion</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppm parts per million</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PSD prevention of significant deterioration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PTE potential to emit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PV present value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">REC reduced emissions completion</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RIA regulatory impact analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RTC response to comments</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RULOF remaining useful life and other factors</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SBAR Small Business Advocacy Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SC-CH <E T="52">4</E>  social cost of methane </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SC-CO <E T="52">2</E>  social cost of carbon dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SC-GHG social cost of greenhouse gases</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SC-N <E T="52">2</E> O social cost of nitrous oxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">scf standard cubic feet</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">scfh standard cubic feet per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">scfm standard cubic feet per minute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SIP State Implementation Plan</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SO2 sulfur dioxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SPeCS State Planning Electronic Collaboration System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy tons per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> the court U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TAR Tribal Authority Rule</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TIP Tribal Implementation Plan</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TSD technical support document</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">U.S. United States</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VCS voluntary consensus standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VOC volatile organic compound(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VRU vapor recovery unit</FP> </EXTRACT> <E T="03">Organization of this docum ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 3019k characters. 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