National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Gasoline Distribution Technology Reviews and New Source Performance Standards Review for Bulk Gasoline Terminals

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Parts 60 and 63</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0371; FRL-8202-02-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AU97</RIN> <SUBJECT>National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Gasoline Distribution Technology Reviews and New Source Performance Standards Review for Bulk Gasoline Terminals</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing the technology reviews (TR) conducted for the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for gasoline distribution facilities and the review of the new source performance standards (NSPS) for bulk gasoline terminals pursuant to the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The final NESHAP amendments include revised requirements for storage vessels, loading operations, and equipment to reflect cost-effective developments in practices, processes, or controls. The final NSPS reflect the best system of emission reduction for loading operations and equipment leaks. In addition, the EPA is: finalizing revisions related to emissions during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM); adding requirements for electronic reporting; revising monitoring and operating requirements for control devices; and making other minor technical improvements. The EPA estimates that this final action will reduce hazardous air pollutant emissions from gasoline distribution facilities by over 2,200 tons per year (tpy) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by 45,400 tpy. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> The final rule is effective July 8, 2024. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0371. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/.</E> <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For questions about this final action, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: Ms. Jennifer Caparoso, Mail Drop: E143-01, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, NC 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-4063; and email address: <E T="03">caparoso.jennifer@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> Throughout this document the use of “we,” “us,” or “our” is intended to refer to the EPA. The EPA uses multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AVO audio, visual, or olfactory</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BACT best available control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BSER best system of emission reduction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CDX Central Data Exchange</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEMS continuous emission monitoring system</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CO carbon monoxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CO <E T="52">2</E>  carbon dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CPMS continuous parametric monitoring system</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EAV equivalent annual value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EJ environmental justice</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">E.O. Executive Order</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERT Electronic Reporting Tool</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GACT generally available control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutant(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR information collection request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">km kilometer</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LAER lowest achievable emission rate</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LDAR leak detection and repair</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LEL lower explosive limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MACT maximum achievable control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">mg/L milligrams per liter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">mph miles per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAICS North American Industry Classification System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NHV <E T="52">cz</E> combustion zone net heating value </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NHV <E T="52">dil</E> net heating value dilution </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSPS new source performance standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> O <E T="52">3</E> ozone </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OGI optical gas imaging</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OMB Office of Management and Budget</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmv parts per million volume</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">psig pounds per square inch gauge</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PV present value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RACT reasonably available control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RIA regulatory impact analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RTR risk and technology review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SO <E T="52">2</E> sulfur dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TOC total organic carbon</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy tons per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TR technology review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">U.S. United States</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">U.S.C. United States Code</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VOC volatile organic compound(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VRU vapor recovery unit</FP> </EXTRACT> <E T="03">Background information.</E> On June 10, 2022, the EPA proposed revisions to both the major source and area source Gasoline Distribution NESHAP and the Bulk Gasoline Terminals NSPS based on the TR and NSPS review. In this action, the EPA is finalizing decisions and revisions for these rules. The EPA summarized some of the more significant comments we timely received regarding the proposed rules and provides responses in this preamble. A summary of all other public comments on the proposals and the EPA's responses to those comments is available in <E T="03">National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution Facilities and New Source Performance Standards for Bulk Gasoline Terminals, Background Information for Final Amendments, Summary of Public Comments and Responses,</E> Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0371. “Track changes” versions of the regulatory language that incorporates the changes in these rules are available in the docket. <E T="03">Organization of this document.</E> The information in this preamble is organized as follows: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. General Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Executive Summary</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Does this action apply to me?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Judicial Review and Administrative Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Background</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What is the statutory authority for this action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What are the source categories regulated in this final action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What changes were proposed for the gasoline distribution NESHAP and for the bulk gasoline terminals NSPS in the June 10, 2022, proposal?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What outreach was conducted following the proposal?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">III. What is included in these final rules and what is the rationale for the final decisions and amendments?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What are the final rule amendments based on the technology reviews for the gasoline distribution NESHAP and NSPS review for bulk gasoline terminals?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Other Actions the EPA is Finalizing and the Rationale</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What are the effective and compliance dates of the standards?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">IV. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts and Additional Analyses Conducted</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2"> A. What are the affected facilities? </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What are the air quality impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What are the cost impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What are the economic impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. What are the benefits?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. What analysis of environmental justice did the EPA conduct?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 14094: Modernizing Regulatory Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act ( ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 588k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━