National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Primary Copper Smelting Residual Risk and Technology Review and Primary Copper Smelting Area Source Technology Review

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 63</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0430; FRL-7522-02-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AU63</RIN> <SUBJECT>National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Primary Copper Smelting Residual Risk and Technology Review and Primary Copper Smelting Area Source Technology Review</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> This action finalizes the residual risk and technology review (RTR) conducted for the Primary Copper Smelting major source category regulated under national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP). This action also finalizes the technology review for the Primary Copper Smelting area source NESHAP. The final amendments for the major source NESHAP include particulate matter (PM) emission standards as a surrogate for metal hazardous air pollutants (HAP) other than mercury (primarily lead and arsenic) for anode refining point sources, process fugitive emissions from roofline vents, Hoboken converter process fugitive capture systems where they combine with anode refining point sources, and new converters. We are also finalizing emission standards for previously unregulated HAP including mercury, benzene, toluene, hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and dioxins and furans (D/F). In addition, we are taking final action in the major source NESHAP to establish work practice standards for bypass stacks, and add a new emissions limit for lead and emissions control design standards to minimize process fugitive emissions at facilities with flash furnaces and Peirce-Smith converters. Final amendments for both the major source NESHAP and the area source NESHAP include removing exemptions and associated provisions for periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM), specifying that the emission standards apply at all times, and requiring electronic reporting of performance test results and notification of compliance reports. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective May 13, 2024, except for amendatory instruction 3, which is effective July 15, 2024. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of May 13, 2024. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0430. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.</E> , Confidential Business Information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> , or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-1742. <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For questions about this final action, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: Amanda Hansen, Mail Drop: D243-04, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-3165; email address: <E T="03">hansen.amanda@epa.gov.</E> For specific information regarding the risk modeling methodology, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: James Hirtz, Mail Drop: C539-02, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-0881; email address: <E T="03">hirtz.james@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> Preamble acronyms and abbreviations. We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ACI activated carbon injection</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ADEQ Arizona Department of Environmental Quality</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ANSI American National Standards Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BTF beyond-the-floor</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEMS continuous emissions monitoring system</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CRA Congressional Review Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CMS continuous monitoring systems</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DCOT digital camera opacity technique</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">D/F dioxins and furans</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DSI dry sorbent injection</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EAF electric arc furnaces</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EJ Environmental Justice</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERT Electronic Reporting Tool</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FEM Federal equivalent method</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FRM Federal reference method</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GACT generally available control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">gr/dscf grains per dry standard cubic feet</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HCl hydrogen chloride</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HEM-4 Human Exposure Model, Version 1.5.5</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HI hazard index</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HQ hazard quotient</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR information collection request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lbs pounds</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/hr pounds per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LEAN Louisiana Environmental Action Network</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MACT maximum achievable control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">mg/dscm milligrams per dry standard cubic meter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MIR maximum individual risk</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MTG Measurement Technology Group</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAICS North American Industry Classification System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OAR Office of Air and Radiation</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OMB Office of Management and Budget</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Pb lead</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PDF portable document format</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RATA Relative Accuracy Test Audit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">REL reference exposure level</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RIN Regulatory Information Number</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RTR risk and technology review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SIP state implementation plan</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SO <E T="52">2</E>  sulfur dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TEQ toxic equivalency quotient</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TOSHI target organ-specific hazard index</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy ton per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> ug/m <SU>3</SU>  micrograms per cubic meter </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UPL upper prediction limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VCS voluntary consensus standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">WESP wet electrostatic precipitator</FP> </EXTRACT> <E T="03">Background information.</E> On January 11, 2022 (87 FR 1616), and July 24, 2023 (88 FR 47415), the EPA proposed revisions to the Primary Copper Smelting major source NESHAP based on our RTR. In this action, we are finalizing decisions and revisions for the major source rule. On January 11, 2022 (87 FR 1616), the EPA also proposed revisions to the Primary Copper Smelting area source NESHAP based on our technology review. In this action, we are also finalizing decisions and revisions for the area source rule. We summarize some of the more significant comments we timely received regarding the proposed rules and provide our responses in this preamble. A summary of all other public comments on the proposals and the EPA's responses to those comments is available in <E T="03">National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions: Primary Copper Smelting Residual Risk and Technology Review and Primary Copper Smelting Area Source Technology Review: Summary of Public Comments and Responses</E> , Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0430. “Track changes” versions of the regulatory language that incorporate the changes to the two rules in this action are available in the docket. <E T="03">Organization of this document.</E> The information in this preamble is organized as follows: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. General Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Executive Summary</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Does this action apply to me?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Judicial Review and Administrative Reconsideration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Background</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What is the statutory authority for this action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What is the Primary Copper Smelting source category and how does the NESHAP regulate HAP emissions from the source category?</FP> <FP SOURCE=" ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 513k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━