National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks, and Coke Oven Batteries; Residual Risk and Technology Review, and Periodic Technology Review

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 63</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0085, EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0051; FRL-8471-02-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AV19</RIN> <SUBJECT>National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks, and Coke Oven Batteries; Residual Risk and Technology Review, and Periodic Technology Review</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> This action finalizes the residual risk and technology review conducted for the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for the Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks (PQBS) source category and the periodic technology review for the Coke Oven Batteries (COB) source category NESHAP. The EPA is finalizing a determination that risks due to emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from the PQBS source category are acceptable and that the current NESHAP provides an ample margin of safety to protect public health. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective on July 5, 2024, except for amendatory instruction 3, which is effective July 15, 2024. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register beginning July 5, 2024. The IBR of certain other material listed in the rule was approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of July 13, 2005. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a docket for this action under Docket ID Nos. EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0085 for the Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks (PQBS) source category and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0051 for the Coke Oven Batteries (COB) source category. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/,</E> or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-1742. <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For questions about this final action, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: Donna Lee Jones, Sector Policies and Programs Division (MD-243-02), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-5251; email address: <E T="03">jones.donnalee@epa.gov.</E> For specific information regarding the risk modeling methodology, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: Michael Moeller, Health and Environmental Impacts Division (C539-02), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-2766; email address: <E T="03">moeller.michael@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> Under the technology review for the PQBS NESHAP, we are finalizing new maximum achievable control technology standards for unregulated HAP or sources of HAP and a 20 percent opacity limit for bypass/waste heat stacks at heat and/or nonrecovery (HNR) facilities. Under the technology review for the COB NESHAP, we are lowering the limits for leaking doors, lids, and offtakes at by-product (ByP) facilities to reflect improvements in practices, processes, or technology, a requirement for fenceline monitoring for benzene (as a surrogate for coke oven emissions) with a requirement to conduct a root cause analysis and corrective action upon exceeding an action level of benzene; a revised equation to estimate emissions from leaks of ByP oven doors; a requirement of zero leaking oven doors at HNR facilities and pressure monitoring in either oven or common tunnels. We are finalizing the removal of exemptions for periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction consistent with a 2008 court decision, clarifying that the standards apply at all times; and the addition of electronic reporting for performance test results and compliance reports. <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">1-BP 1-bromopropane</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ACI activated carbon injection</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ANSI American National Standards Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">APCD air pollution control device</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">B/W bypass/waste heat</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BDL below detection limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BTF beyond-the-floor</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ByP coke production process with by-product chemical recovery</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CBI confidential business information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CBRP coke by-product chemical recovery plant</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CDX Central Data Exchange</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">COB coke oven batteries</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CE Cost Effectiveness</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">COE coke oven emissions</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CRA Congressional Review Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DCOT digital camera opacity technique</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">D/F dioxin and furans</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EAV equivalent annualized value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EDL estimated level of detection</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EDT Eastern Daylight Time</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EIA economic impact analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EMPC estimated maximum potential concentration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERPG emergency response planning guideline</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERT Electronic Reporting Tool</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">gr/dscf grains per dry standard cubic feet</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutants(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HCl hydrochloric acid</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HCN hydrogen cyanide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HEM human exposure model</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HF hydrogen fluoride</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HNR heat and nonrecovery (i.e., no chemical recovery), or nonrecovery with no heat recovery</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HQ hazard quotient</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HRSG heat recovery steam generator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">IBR incorporation by reference</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR information collection request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">km kilometer</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LAER lowest achievable emissions rate</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/ton pounds per ton</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LDAR leak detection and repair</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LEAN Louisiana Environmental Action Network</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MACT maximum achievable control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MIR maximum individual risk</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NA not applicable</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAICS North American Industry Classification System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ND number of doors</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSPS New Source Performance Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">O2 oxygen dioxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> OMB Office of Management and Budget </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OP Office of Policy</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PDF portable document format</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PLD percent leaking doors</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> PLD <E T="52">bench</E>  percent leaking doors from the bench </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> PLD <E T="52">bench-only</E>  percent leaking doors from the bench only </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> PLD <E T="52">yard</E>  percent leaking doors from the yard </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppbv parts per billion by volume</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppbw parts per billion by weight</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmv parts per million by volume</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmw parts per million by weight</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PQBS pushing, quenching, and battery stacks</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RCACA root cause analysis and corrective action</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">REL reference exposure limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RIN Regulatory Information Number</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RTR risk and technology review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SO <E T="52">2</E>  sulfur dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSMP site-specific monitoring plans</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TBD to be determined</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TOSHI target organ-specific hazard index</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy tons per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded M 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