Emergency Import Restrictions Imposed on Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Ukraine

<RULE> DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY <SUBAGY>U.S. Customs and Border Protection</SUBAGY> DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY <CFR>19 CFR Part 12</CFR> <DEPDOC>[CBP Dec. 24-16]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 1515-AE91</RIN> <SUBJECT>Emergency Import Restrictions Imposed on Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Ukraine</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security; Department of the Treasury. <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> This document amends the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) regulations to reflect the imposition of emergency import restrictions on categories of archaeological and ethnological material of Ukraine, pursuant to a determination made by the United States Department of State under the terms of the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act. The emergency import restrictions will be in effect until March 5, 2029, unless extended. This document contains the Designated List of Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Ukraine that describes the types of objects or categories of archaeological and ethnological material to which the import restrictions apply. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> Effective on September 10, 2024. </EFFDATE> <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted Merchandise Branch, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325-0084, <E T="03">ot-otrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov.</E> For operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945-7064, <E T="03">1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <HD SOURCE="HD1">Background</HD> The Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (Pub. L. 97-446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 <E T="03">et seq.</E> ) (CPIA), which implements the 1970 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (823 U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)) (Convention), allows for the conclusion of an agreement between the United States and another party to the Convention to impose import restrictions on eligible archaeological and ethnological material. In certain limited circumstances, the CPIA authorizes the imposition of restrictions on an emergency basis (19 U.S.C. 2603). The emergency restrictions are effective for no more than five years from the date of the State Party's request and may be extended for three years where it is determined that the emergency condition continues to apply with respect to the covered material (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(3)). These restrictions may also be continued, in whole or in part, pursuant to an agreement concluded within the meaning of the CPIA (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(4)). <HD SOURCE="HD1">Determinations</HD> Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 2602(a), the government of Ukraine, a State Party to the Convention, requested on March 5, 2024, that import restrictions be imposed on certain archaeological and ethnological material, the pillage of which jeopardizes the cultural heritage of Ukraine. The CPIA authorizes the President (or designee) to apply import restrictions on an emergency basis if the President determines that an emergency condition applies with respect to any archaeological or ethnological material of any requesting State Party (19 U.S.C. 2603). On July 26, 2024, the Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States Department of State, after consultation with and recommendation by the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, made the determinations necessary under the CPIA for the emergency imposition of import restrictions on categories of archaeological material and ethnological material of the cultural heritage of Ukraine. The Designated List below sets forth the categories of material to which the import restrictions apply. Thus, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is amending § 12.104g(b) of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(b)) accordingly. Importation of covered material from Ukraine will be restricted until March 5, 2029, unless the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and 19 CFR 12.104c are met. <HD SOURCE="HD1">Designated List of Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Ukraine</HD> The Designated List includes, but is not limited to, categories of objects described below. Archaeological material in the Designated List ranges in date from the Paleolithic period (c. 1.4 million years ago) through 1774 C.E. Ethnological material in the Designated List includes: ethnological religious and ritual objects, and objects related to funerary rites and burials dating from 200 C.E. to 1917 C.E.; ethnological manuscripts, written documents, and early prints dating from 900 C.E. to 1917 C.E.; ethnological architectural elements dating from 200 C.E. to 1917 C.E.; and ethnological paintings, military material, and traditional folk clothing and textiles dating from 1700 C.E. to 1917 C.E. The designated list set forth is representative only. Any dates and dimensions are approximate. <HD SOURCE="HD1">Categories of Archaeological and Ethnological Material</HD> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. Archaeological Material</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Stone</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Metal</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Terracotta, Ceramic, Porcelain, Faience, and Fired Clay</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Plaster, Stucco, and Unfired Clay</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. Bone, Ivory, Horn, and Shell</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Wood and Other Organic Materials</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. Glass</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">H. Human Remains</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Ethnological Material</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Religious and Ritual Objects, and Objects Related to Funerary Rites and Burials</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Architectural Elements</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Manuscripts, Written Documents, and Early Prints</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Ethnological Paintings</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. Military Material</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Traditional Folk Clothing and Textiles</FP> <E T="03">Approximate simplified chronology of well-known periods:</E> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Paleolithic:</E> c. 1.4 million years ago-8000 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Mesolithic:</E> c. 7000-4500 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Neolithic:</E> c. 6000-3000 B.C.E. (c. 6000-4000 B.C.E. on the right bank of the Dnipro River and 5000-3000 B.C.E. in Polissia and the left bank of the Dnipro River) </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Copper Age (or Eneolithic):</E> c. 4000-2000 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Bronze Age:</E> c. 2100-800 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Early Iron Age:</E> c. 800-400 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Ancient Greek Period:</E> c. 650 B.C.E-47 B.C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Roman Period:</E> c. 47 B.C.E.-340 C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Late Antiquity and Early Byzantine Periods:</E> c. 340-880 C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Kyivan Rus Period:</E> c. 880-1240 C.E. </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> <E T="03">Late Medieval Period:</E> c. 1240-1650 C.E. </FP> <E T="03">Early Modern Period:</E> c. 1650-1917 C.E. <HD SOURCE="HD1">I. Archaeological Material</HD> Archaeological material includes categories of objects ranging in date from c. 1.4 million years ago through 1774 C.E. <HD SOURCE="HD2">A. Stone</HD> 1. <E T="03">Large Sculpture and Statues</E> —Including anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, and multi-figure compositions. Made primarily of sandstone, limestone, marble, and shell rock. Neolithic menhir-like stones may represent stylized human images, while Bronze Age statues are usually rectangular with the head outlined and other body parts shown in relief. Scythian sculptures schematically depict warriors. Sculptures from the Eneolithic and Ancient Greek periods often take the form of schematic human busts. Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures often depict naturalistic images of various figures, including humans, mythological creatures, and animals. Medieval nomadic stelae depict humans schematically, often with pointed headdresses. Approximate date: 6000 B.C.E.-1774 C.E. 2. <E T="03">Miniature Sculptures and Statues</E> —Made primarily of marble, quartz, and alabaster, these include anthropomorphic and zoomorphic forms and images of objects. Copper Age figurines vary in shape, often featuring prominent eyes, noses, or sex markers. Ancient Greek and Roman marble statuettes are naturalistic, depicting various figures. Approximate date: 6000 B.C.E.-1774 C.E. 3. <E T="03">Architectural Elements</E> —Originating from religious, residential, and burial sites and used in walls, floors, vaults, and roofs. Constructed from slate, sandstone, limestone, marble, and other stones. Elements include, but are not limited to, capitals and parts of columns, pilasters, friezes, door and window frames, keystones, altars, altar screens, mosaics, and tiles. Stone slabs with relief and inlaid sculpted compositions, depicting religious figures, animals, and floral motifs, were embedded into railings or other parts of buildings. Approximate date: 650 B.C.E.-1774 C.E. 4. <E T="03">Mosaics</E> —Composed of painted pebbles, marble, limestone, and bricks. Floors made of painted pebbles decorated Ancient Greek-period inner courts and rooms. Early Christian churches in Crimea and Kyiv were decorated with mosaics made of marble of various colors, limestone, and bricks. These mosaics were crafted from small cube-shaped stones (tesserae) measuring approximately 4-6 cm x 3-5 cm, set in a limestone mortar or cement. Motifs include, b ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 62k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━