Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration Units Review

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 60</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156; FRL-7547-02-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AU60</RIN> <SUBJECT>Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration Units Review</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> This action finalizes the periodic review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the emissions standards and other requirements for Other Solid Waste Incineration (OSWI) units in the OSWI New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emission Guidelines (EG). The EPA is finalizing applicability-related and definitional changes; changes to OSWI subcategories and the standards for the new subcategories; changes to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) provisions; and changes to testing, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements. We are also making other miscellaneous technical and editorial changes to the regulatory text. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective August 29, 2025. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the regulation is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of August 29, 2025. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a docket for this rulemaking under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/.</E> <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For questions about this final action, contact Felica Davis, Ph.D., Sector Policies and Programs Division (E143-05), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-4857; and email address: <E T="03">davis.felica@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> Throughout this preamble the use of “we,” “us,” or “our” is intended to refer to the EPA. We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ACI air curtain incinerator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ANSI American National Standards Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AOGA Alaska Oil and Gas Association</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">AWC alternative waste characterization</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Cd cadmium</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CBI Confidential Business Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CDX Central Data Exchange</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEMS continuous emissions monitoring systems</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CISWI commercial and industrial solid waste incineration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CO carbon monoxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CO <E T="52">2</E>  carbon dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CRA Congressional Review Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">D.C.Circuit United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DCOT digital camera opacity technique</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EG emission guidelines</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERT Electronic Reporting Tool</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HCl hydrochloric acid</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Hg mercury</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HMIWI hospital, medical, and infectious waste incineration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR Information Collection Request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">IWI institutional waste incineration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MACT maximum achievable control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MSW municipal solid waste</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MWC municipal waste combustor</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ng/dscm nanograms per dry standard cubic meter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NO nitric oxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NO <E T="52">2</E>  nitrogen dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NO <E T="52">X</E>  oxides of nitrogen </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSPS New Source Performance Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> O <E T="52">2</E>  oxygen </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OSWI other solid waste incineration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Pb lead</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PDF portable document format</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppm parts per million</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmvd parts per million dry (volume basis)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SMCD substitute means of compliance demonstration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SO <E T="52">2</E>  sulfur dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SRI small remote incinerator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSI sewage sludge incinerator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TEQ toxic equivalency factor</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TMB total mass basis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TPD tons per day</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy tons per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">µg/dscm micrograms per dry standard cubic meter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VCS voluntary consensus standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VSMWC very small municipal waste combustion</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">XML extensible markup language</FP> </EXTRACT> <E T="03">Organization of this document.</E> The information in this preamble is organized as follows: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. General Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Does this action apply to me?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. How do I obtain a copy of this document and other related information?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Judicial Review and Administrative Reconsideration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Background</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What is the statutory authority and regulatory history for this action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What changes did we propose for the OSWI source category in our August 31, 2020, proposal and subsequent notices?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What outreach and engagement did we conduct?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">III. Summary of Final Action</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What are the final rule amendments based on the CAA section 129(a)(5) review?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What are the final rule changes involving the applicability of OSWI requirements?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What are the final rule amendments addressing OSWI subcategories and related MACT floor redeterminations?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What are the final rule amendments addressing other definitions for the OSWI category?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. What are the final rule amendments addressing emissions during periods of SSM?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. What are the final rule amendments addressing testing, monitoring, and reporting requirements?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. What are the effective and compliance dates of the standards?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">IV. Public Comments and Responses</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What key comments did we receive on the applicability of OSWI requirements, and what are our responses?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What key comments did we receive on the OSWI subcategories and related MACT floor redeterminations?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What key comments did we receive on other amendments, and what are our responses?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What key comments did we receive on effective and compliance dates?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">V. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What are the affected facilities?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What are the air quality impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What are the cost and economic impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What are the benefits?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2"> A. Executive Orders 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Executive Order 14192: Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distributio ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 447k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━