National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Lime Manufacturing Plants Technology Review

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 63</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0015; FRL-5948.1-03-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AV59</RIN> <SUBJECT>National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Lime Manufacturing Plants Technology Review</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> This action finalizes our amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Lime Manufacturing Plants (Lime Manufacturing NESHAP). Specifically, we are finalizing maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards for hydrogen chloride (HCl), mercury, organic HAP, and dioxin/furans (D/F). </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective on September 16, 2024. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of September 16, 2024. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0015. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov/,</E> or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-1742. <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For questions about this final action, contact U.S. EPA, Attn: Mr. Brian Storey, Mail Drop: D243-04, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-1103; and email address: <E T="03">storey.brian@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> Throughout this document the use of “we,” “us,” or “our” is intended to refer to the EPA. We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DB dead burned dolomitic lime</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">D/F dioxin/furans</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DL dolomitic lime</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DSI dry sorbent injection</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EJ environmental justice</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ESP electrostatic precipitator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FF fabric filter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">g/dscm grams of pollutant per dry standard cubic meter of air</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutant(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HBEL health-based emission limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HCl hydrogen chloride</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">IQV intra-quarry variability</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/MMton pounds of pollutant per million tons of lime produced at the kiln</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/tsf pounds of pollutant per ton of stone feed</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MACT maximum achievable control technology</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OMB Office of Management and Budget</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmvd parts per million by volume, dry</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PR preheater rotary kiln</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PSH process stone handling</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">QL quick lime</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RDL representative detection level</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RTR residual risk and technology review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SR straight rotary kiln</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">TEF toxicity equivalence factors</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">THC total hydrocarbons</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">tpy tons of pollutant per year</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UPL upper predictive limit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VK vertical kiln</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VCS voluntary consensus standards</FP> </EXTRACT> <E T="03">Background information.</E> On January 5, 2023 (88 FR 805), the EPA proposed revisions to the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP to complete the technology review, originally promulgated on July 24, 2020 (85 FR 44960), by finalizing emission standards for 4 unregulated HAP. Based on the information available to EPA in 2023 at the time of the proposal, the EPA certified the rule as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities (No SISNOSE). Following the publication of the NPRM, EPA received additional data and feedback via public comments regarding the Agency's economic analysis, including information on the impacts to businesses that would be affected by the proposed rule. Our initial review of this updated information indicated that estimates of the control costs developed to support the proposal may have been understated and that there could accordingly be significant economic impacts to small businesses. On February 9, 2024 (89 FR 9088), the EPA published a supplemental proposal to address information received from public commenters and other sources of information, including the small business review panel. The supplemental proposal addressed regulatory flexibilities raised during outreach to the small businesses impacted by proposed revisions to the Lime Manufacturing NESHAP. In this action, we are finalizing decisions and revisions to the rule based on the public comments received regarding both the January 5, 2023, proposed rule and the February 9, 2024, supplemental proposal. We summarize some of the more significant comments we received regarding the proposed and supplemental rule amendments and provide our responses in this preamble. A summary of all other public comments and the EPA's responses to those comments is available in the document titled “Summary of Public Comments and Responses for National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Lime Manufacturing Plants Amendments”, included in the docket for this rulemaking (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0015). <E T="03">Organization of this document.</E> The information in this preamble is organized as follows: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. General Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Does this action apply to me?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Judicial Review and Administrative Reconsideration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Background</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What is the statutory authority for this action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What is the lime manufacturing source category and how does the NESHAP regulate HAP emissions from the source category?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What changes did we propose for the lime manufacturing source category in our January 5, 2023, and February 9, 2024, proposals?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2"> D. What outreach did we conduct following the January 5, 2023, proposal? </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">III. What is the rationale for our final decisions and amendments for the Lime Manufacturing source category?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Hydrogen Chloride Emission Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Mercury Emission Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Organic HAP Emission Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Dioxin/Furan Emission Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. What other changes have been made to the NESHAP?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Severability of Standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. What are the effective and compliance dates of the standards?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">IV. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts and Additional Analyses Conducted</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What are the affected facilities?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. What are the air quality impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What are the cost impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. What are the economic impacts?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. What are the benefits?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. What analysis of environmental justice did we conduct?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">G. What analysis of children's environmental health did we conduct?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Executive Orders 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments</FP> < ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 208k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━