New Source Performance Standards Review for Stationary Combustion Turbines and Stationary Gas Turbines

<RULE> ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY <CFR>40 CFR Part 60</CFR> <DEPDOC>[EPA-HQ-OAR-2024-0419; FRL-11542-02-OAR]</DEPDOC> <RIN>RIN 2060-AW21</RIN> <SUBJECT>New Source Performance Standards Review for Stationary Combustion Turbines and Stationary Gas Turbines</SUBJECT> <HD SOURCE="HED">AGENCY:</HD> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <HD SOURCE="HED">ACTION:</HD> Final rule. <SUM> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUMMARY:</HD> The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, or Agency) is finalizing amendments to the new source performance standards (NSPS) for stationary combustion turbines and stationary gas turbines pursuant to a review required by the Clean Air Act (CAA). As a result of this review, the EPA is establishing subcategories for new, modified, or reconstructed stationary combustion turbines based on size, rates of utilization, design efficiency, and fuel type. The EPA determined that combustion controls are the best system of emission reduction (BSER) for nitrogen oxide (NO <E T="52">X</E> ) emissions for most new, modified, or reconstructed stationary combustion turbines. For one subcategory, the BSER for NO <E T="52">X</E> is combustion controls with the addition of selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The EPA further determined that the BSER for sulfur dioxide (SO <E T="52">2</E> ) emissions has not changed since the last NSPS review. Based on these determinations, the Agency is promulgating standards of performance in a new subpart of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The Agency is also adding a subcategory for stationary combustion turbines that are used in temporary applications, exempting certain sources from title V requirements, and finalizing other provisions. The EPA is finalizing amendments to existing regulations to address or clarify specific technical and editorial issues. </SUM> <EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">DATES:</HD> This final rule is effective on January 15, 2026. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 15, 2026. The incorporation by reference of certain other material listed in the rule was approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of July 8, 2004, and July 6, 2006. </EFFDATE> <HD SOURCE="HED">ADDRESSES:</HD> The EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2024-0419. All documents in the docket are listed on the <E T="03">https://www.regulations.gov</E> website. Although listed, some information is not publicly available, <E T="03">e.g.,</E> Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only as portable document format (PDF) versions that can only be accessed on the EPA computers in the docket office reading room. Certain databases and physical items cannot be downloaded from the docket but may be requested by contacting the docket office at (202) 566-1744. The docket office has up to 10 business days to respond to these requests. Except for such material, all documents are available electronically in <E T="03">Regulations.gov</E> or on the EPA computers in the docket office reading room at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-1742. <FURINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:</HD> For information about this final rule, contact John Ashley, Industrial Processing and Power Division (D243-02), Office of Clean Air Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12055, RTP, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-1458; and email address: <E T="03">ashley.john@epa.gov.</E> </FURINF> <SUPLINF> <HD SOURCE="HED">SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:</HD> <E T="03">Preamble acronyms and abbreviations.</E> Throughout this document the use of “we,” “us,” or “our” is intended to refer to the EPA. We use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms here: <EXTRACT> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ANSI American National Standards Institute</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BPT benefit-per-ton</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">BSER best system of emission reduction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">Btu British thermal unit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAA Clean Air Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CAMPD Clean Air Markets Program Data</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CBI Confidential Business Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CDX Central Data Exchange</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CEMS continuous emissions monitoring system</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CFR Code of Federal Regulations</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CHP combined heat and power</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CMS continuous monitoring system</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">CO carbon monoxide</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> CO <E T="52">2</E>  carbon dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">DLE dry low-emission</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> DLN dry low-NO <E T="52">X</E> </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EIA Economic Impact Analysis</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">EPA Environmental Protection Agency</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ERT Electronic Reporting Tool</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">FR Federal Register</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GE General Electric</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GHG greenhouse gas</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">GJ gigajoule(s)</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">gr grains</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HAP hazardous air pollutant</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HHV higher heating value</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">HRSG heat recovery steam generator</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ICR information collection request</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ISA Integrated Science Assessment</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">kW kilowatt</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LAER lowest achievable emission rate</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">LCOE levelized cost of electricity</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/MWh pounds per megawatt-hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">lb/MMBtu pounds per million British thermal units</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MJ megajoules</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MMBtu/h million British thermal units per hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MW megawatt</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">MWh megawatt-hour</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NAICS North American Industry Classification System</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NEI National Emissions Inventory</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NESHAP national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ng/J nanograms per joule</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> NO <E T="52">X</E>  nitrogen oxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSPS new source performance standards</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSR New Source Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NSSN National Standards System Network</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> O <E T="52">2</E>  oxygen gas </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">O&M operating and maintenance</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OEM original equipment manufacturers</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">OMB Office of Management and Budget</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PDF portable document format</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PM particulate matter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> PM <E T="52">2.5</E>  particulate matter (diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers) </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppm parts per million</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmv parts per million by volume</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmvd parts per million by volume dry</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ppmw parts per million by weight</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PRA Paperwork Reduction Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RATA relative accuracy test audit</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">RICE reciprocating internal combustion engines</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">scf standard cubic feet</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">scm standard cubic meter</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SCR selective catalytic reduction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> SO <E T="52">2</E>  sulfur dioxide </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">ULSD ultra-low-sulfur diesel</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">U.S.C. United States Code</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1"> VCS voluntary consensus standard </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-1">VOC volatile organic compound(s)</FP> <HD SOURCE="HD1">Table of Contents</HD> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">I. General Information</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Does this action apply to me?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. Judicial Review and Administrative Review</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">II. Background</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. What is the statutory authority for this final action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">B. How does the EPA perform the NSPS review?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">C. What is the source category regulated in this final action?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">D. The Role of the NSPS</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">III. What changes did we propose for the stationary combustion turbines and stationary gas turbines NSPS?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP-2">IV. What actions are we finalizing and what is our rationale for such decisions?</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2">A. Applicability</FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1-2"> B. NO <E T="52">X</E> Emissions Standards </FP> <FP SOURCE="FP1- ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Preview showing 10k of 749k characters. Full document text is stored and available for version comparison. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━